Red Cross

Red Cross –   It is an international organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering and the promotion of public health; the world-recognized symbols of mercy and absolute neutrality are the Red Cross, the Red Crescent, and the Red Crystal flags and emblems. – It is an international humanitarian organization (Red Cross Society) formally established by the Geneva Convention of 1864. It was originally limited to providing medical care for war casualties, but its services now include liaison between prisoners of war and their families, relief to victims of natural disasters, etc.Purposes: * HUMANITY – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect human life and health and to ensure respect for the hum an being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all people. IMPARTIALITY – It makes no discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavours to relieve the suffering of individuals, being guided soley by their needs, and to give priority to the most urgent cases of distress. * NEUTRALITY – In order to continue to enjoy the confidence of all, the movement may not take sides in hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or ideological nature. * INDEPENDENCE – The Movement is independent.The National Societies, while auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their governments and subject to the laws of their respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles of the Movement. * HUMANITY – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Moveme nt, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found.Its purpose is to protect human life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all people. * VOLUNTARY SERVICE – It is a voluntary relief movement not prompted in any manner by desire for gain. * UNITY – There can be only one Red Cross or one Red Crescent Society in any one country. It must be open to all. It must carry its humanitarian work throughout its territory. * UNIVERSALITY – The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.In which all Societies have equal status and share equal responsibilities and duties in helping each other, is worldwide. Blood Donation Program Although all blood is made of the same basic elements, not all blood is a like. In fact, there are eight different common blood types, which are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens – substances that can trigger an immune response if they are foreign to the body. Since some antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to attack the transfused blood, safe blood transfusions depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching.There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells: * Group A  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) * Group B  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) * Group  AB  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) * Group O  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)The approximate distribution of blood types in Philippine population is as follows: * O Rh positive – 44-46% * A Rh positive – 22-23% * B Rh positive – 24-25% * AB Rh positive – 4-6% * Rh negative – ;1% There are very specific ways in which blood types must be matched for a safe transfusion: * Group O – can donate RBC to anybody. It’s the Universal Donor. Recipients: O, A, B, AB * Group A – can donate RBC to A’s and AB’s. * Group B – can donate RBC to B’s and AB’s. * Group AB – can donate to other AB’s but can receive from all others. It’s the Universal Recipient.In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the Rh factor, which can be either present (+) or absent ( – ). In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-negative patients, and Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be given to Rh positive patients. * The universal red cell donor has Type O negative blood type. * The universal plasma donor has Typ e AB positive blood type. WHO CAN DONATE BLOOD? Anyone who: – is in good health – is between 16 to 65 years old (16 and 17 years old need parents consent); – weighs at least 110 pounds; has a blood pressure between: Systolic: 90-160 mmHg, Diastolic: 60-100 mmHg; and – pass the physical and health history assessments. EMERGENCY TOOL KIT FOR RED CROSS it is a tool kit designed to provide emergency response agencies with the series of planning tools to help prepare their personnel and their families for emergencies. – Plastic laminated ID card for family member(s) with special concerns. Indicate name, address, phone, who to call in case of emergency, contact details, the condition of the bearer and special instructions on what to do in case seen unconscious (e. . diabetic). For children who cannot speak, they must also wear the ID card (in case they are reported missing, anyone who will find them will be able to contact their parents). – Emerge ncy numbers to call (Red Cross Opcen, Red Cross Chapter, fire station, hospital, etc. ) – to seek for immediate help in cases of emergencies. – Red Cross 143 Emergency / Disaster Guide explaining what to do in various types of disasters. These should be thoroughly studied and understood before the actual disaster but must be kept for reference. (Teach all family members how to use it). so that they have an idea of what to do in case of disaster or calamities. – Maps with indication of evacuation sites and routes – so that they can transfer immediately in case of calamaties. – Whistle (This is highly suggested, use a whistle that is loud and has a compass on it. ) – serves as an alarm, for everybody to get ready. – Flashlight with extra batteries (self-powered flashlight is suggested) – source of light when electricity is not working – Multi-purpose knife – protection – Matches or lighter and candles (Do not use matches or candles until you are certain there are no gas leaks.There are commercially available waterproof matches. ) – source of light when electricity is not working – AM radio transistor with extra batteries or self-powered – need to monitor the news continuously to know the weather condition and any possible threats – Glow sticks – source of light when electricity is not working – Plastic sheeting or garbage bag – For floor mats, cover items so as not to get wet, or use as a rain coat. ) – Heating blankets – thin, easy to carry and warm – Ropes – used as a tie – Sleeping bag – promote comfort when sleeping at the evacuation centerFIRST AID KIT (STANDARD) The risk of accident or emergency cannot be taken for granted. It is important to be prepared. Always have a first aid kit on hand. First Aid is a life saving skill. Once you know how to apply first aid correctly, you can help save l ives. Call the Philippine Red Cross National Headquarters or the local Chapters for the following First Aid Kit items: – 1 Adhesive Strips (Pk50) –used to close small wounds – 1 Hypo – Allergenic medical tape 1. 25cm x 9. 1m – provide safety and comfort for adhesion to at risk skin. 1 Conforming Bandage 5cm – promote a comfortable bandage – 1 Triangular Bandage 110cm x 110cm – used as a sling on arm injuries – 1 Wound Dressing No. 15 – prevent exposure of wound – 2 Swabs Antiseptic – disinfects skin surface – 1 Tweezers metal 8cm – used to grasp small objects – 1 Scissors disposable – used to cut – 1 Safety pins – assorted (pk12) – used to secure something – 1 Plastic Bags – resealable – 100 X 180 mm – used as a bag – 1 Plastic Bags – resealable – 150 x 230 mm – used as a bag – 2 Gloves â⠂¬â€œ disposable – used in handling wounds 1 First Aid Quick Reference Guide – used to know how to do first aid correctly. I. Introduction Red Cross is an international organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering and the promotion of public health; the world-recognized symbols of mercy and absolute neutrality are the Red Cross, the Red Crescent, and the Red Crystal flags and emblems. Red Cross has a Blood Donation Program. Donating blood is a safe process. A sterile needle is used only once for each donor and then discarded. Blood donation is a simple four-step process: registration, medical history  and  mini-physical, donation and refreshments.Every blood donor is given a mini-physical, checking the donor's temperature, blood pressure, pulse and  hemoglobin to ensure it is safe for the donor to give blood. The actual blood donation typically takes less than 10-12 minutes. The entire process, from the time you arrive to the time you leave, tak es about an hour and 15 min. All donated blood is tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis and other infectious diseases before it can be released to hospitals. There are four types of transfusable products that can be derived from blood: red cells, platelets, plasma and cryoprecipitate.Typically,  two or three of these are produced from a pint of donated whole blood – hence each donation can help save up to three lives. Donors can give either whole blood or specific blood components only. The process of donating specific blood components – red cells, plasma or platelets – is called apheresis. One transfusion dose of platelets can be obtained through one apheresis donation of platelets or by combining the platelets derived from  five whole blood donations. Most donated red blood cells must be used within 42 days of collection. Donated platelets must be used within  five days of collection –  new donations are constantly needed.Plasma and cryopr ecipitate are stored in frozen state and can be used for up to one year after collection. Healthy bone marrow makes a constant supply of red cells, plasma and platelets. The body will replenish the elements given during a blood donation – some in a matter of hours and others in a matter of weeks. More than 44,000 blood donations are needed every day. The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3 pints. A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 pints of blood. The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O. II. Article Philippine Red Cross calls for more blood donorsJun 30th, 2012 by  CityBlogs. by Felipo David G. Malcampo ZAMBOANGA CITY ? Philippine Red Cross (PRC) – Zamboanga City Blood Bank Manager Dr. Kelly Geronimo called on the public to donate blood to ensure regular supply for those in need. In an interview with Dr. Geronimo during the PIA Media Forum, he said there is a need for more blood donors to effectively serve the public as blood demand increased dramatically after Philippine Red Cross-Zamboanga City was declared the Regional Blood Bank. ?We noted an increase in the demand for blood since we now also serve Sulu, Basilan, and Zamboanga Sibugay, our three big neighboring provinces.Actually, the demand has tripled. The challenge here is how to meet the demand, and so we are reaching out to others for more donation, Dr. Geronimo said. However, Dr. Geronimo clarified that there is enough supply in the blood bank. ?We have enough supply of blood. But we need to have consistent blood donation to make sure we can serve those in need. Our advocacy is for more people to donate blood, he said. PRC-Zamboanga City Administrator Vic Liozo said they have intensified their education campaign on blood donation. ?We are going to barangays to educate the public on blood donation.In fact, we assigned a Donor Equipment Officer whose sole function is to encourage people to donate blood, Mr. Liozo said. As a result of their advocacy, PRC noted an increase in the number of voluntary blood donation in the city. From, 2010 to 2011, and even up to the first half of this year, we have noted an increase in the number of voluntary blood donation here. It’s actually a good improvement, and we hope to sustain this momentum, Dr. Geronimo said. Mr. Liozo added that their advocacy program now extends even to elementary pupils. ?We are inculcating in the minds of these young children the importance of donating blood.We tap them to recruit blood donors. It can be their parents, brothers or relatives who are qualified to donate blood, Liozo said. Since July is Blood Donors Month, the Red Cross has scheduled lots of blood-letting donation for the entire month in schools and other offices here. ?We have lined up blood-letting activities for the whole month of July. This will ensure that we will have enough, or even excess supply of blood in our bank. There will be simultaneous blood-letting activities in the entire country. There will be saturation of blood-letting activities next month†, Liozo said.Article source:  http://www. zambotimes. com/archives/48938-Philippine-Red-Cross-calls-f or-more-blood-donors. html III. Discussion and Reaction on Critical Issues Supply and demand play a huge role in blood production, and many times you will hear about blood shortages. It seems that these cries of scarcity are louder and louder every year. Why is it that there isn’t enough donors to keep the blood banks full like we would like to? Why is that bloods are in demand? Based on my research, 96% of us rely on the other 4% to give blood. There is a tremendous need of blood in hospitals.Many patients die because they are not able to cope with blood losses. The blood donated is used to replace blood during injury or accidents, major surgeries, help patients with blood disorders like hemophilia to survive, to help burnt patient replace plasma loss, raise hemoglobin levels on pa tients with chronic illnesses like cancer, kidney disease, anemia, and others. The Philippine Red Cross encouraged people to donate blood to avoid occurrence of blood shortage. They also go from school to school. It’s a good idea that they are starting to educate the young children about the importance of donating blood.Being aware to what is happening in this world is very important, as human, we live with obligations, one, is to care for others. By means of donating blood, we can save lives. We don’t know how many lives will be saved because of our blood donation. If we came to think about, there are so many people qualified in the blood donation program, and besides, donating blood won’t harm them; it will only cause a short-term and temporary headache or body weakness. And according to my research, those adverse effects or disturbances during and after the blood donations can be reduced or minimized.People may be afraid of donating blood because of lack of k nowledge. Information dissemination or lecture must be done first so that their queries about it will be answered. I believe that after the lectures, there will be an increase in the blood donors because their fears of the unknown will be lessened. It’s a nice thing that the officials are doing their part to help increase the blood supply in our country. The Philippine Red Cross cannot do the entire job; they need some volunteers to inform everybody if possible the importance of blood donation.

Human Resource Management Essay

1. What do you think is causing some of the problems in the bank’s home office and branches? ANSWER: Attrition or employee turnover was high during past eight years, as a result supervisors tried to find a suitable employee to replace the worker who had quit. We know that employee turnover is very costly especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is highest. There was no standardization of recruitment process in organization. Absence of effective communication process is also apparent because all branch office hired employees without communicating with their home office. Bank’s local supervisor failed to train their employees properly. They didn’t spend much time for their employees. A rigorous performance evaluation system wasn’t also in place. 2. Do you think setting up an HR unit in the main office would help? ANSWER: Of course I think it would. Since there are HR-related problems both in the home office and in the branches, it is clear that if an HR office were set up, it would help coordinate the HR activities in the branches more effectively. 3. What specific functions HR units carry out? What HR functions would then be carried out by supervisors and other line managers? What role should the internet play in the new HR organization? ANSWER: Core functions of HR unit  should be recruitment, training and development, employee relations, compensation and benefits, performance evaluation etc. Core functions of supervisors and other line managers would consist of: day-to-day people management managing operational efficiency providing technical expertise allocating work monitoring work and checking quality Measuring operational performance. HR may use the Internet to reach candidates and communicate with them, to create and use an up-to-date employee database, measure the employee’ abilities, communicate with them, train them and monitor them

My Professional Goals

My long term professional goal is to be a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner. Being a caring person especially to the children is a part of my personality. I have always loved children and it burdens me whenever I see children sick. Sympathizing will not do any good, I have an urge to do something to cure, prevent and ease their ailments so I concluded that being a Nurse would be the best choice. Every time my children got sick I wish that I could respond not just as a parent who support but a parent who cares. An event that really encouraged me to pursue becoming a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner is when my two-year old daughter got a second degree burn. She was admitted at the Children’s Hospital in Seattle, WA. I saw the nurses taking care of my daughter more than I could. I am neither intimidated nor jealous of the nurse looking after my daughter. What I felt was guilt. I know that I have the passion for taking care of children. I know that I am capable of being a good nurse. After that event, I made up my mind to I will be a Pediatric Nurse. I am pursuing the nursing field so that I can graduate as a Registered Nurse with Bachelors of Science degree. I will work as a staff nurse, but after about a year I want to choose my specialty as a pediatrics nurse. I am also aiming to apply in a graduate school to achieve my ARNP license and to get my masters degree in Nursing with the specialty of pediatrics. Then I plan to work as a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner for a hospital or clinic. I have a desire to go in rural areas in able to help more children because medical treatments are limited in such areas. I am hoping to be accepted to the nursing school so that I can achieve my first goal towards success.

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is a popular nutritional oil derived from the flesh of matured coconuts. Coconuts have long been a primary source of food throughout the tropics and their many industrial and cosmetic applications have made them a valuable commodity. Coconut oil is heat stable, making it suitable for cooking at high temperatures, it’s slow to oxidize, resists rancidity and has a shelf life of approximately two years or more (virgin coco creme created through a wet-milling process has an indefinite shelf life). Coconut oil’s compositionCoconuts have a variety of health benefits due to their fibre and nutritional content, but it’s the oil that makes them a remarkable source of food and medicine. Coconut oil has definitely earned its reputation as the healthiest oil in the world despite the fact that its high saturated fat content was once falsely claimed to be unhealthy. What makes coconut oil different? Oils and fats are composed of molecules known as fatty acids. They are classified either according to saturation or based on molecular length and size of the carbon chain within each fatty acid.Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are an example of the first class. The second classification is based on molecular size or length of the fatty acid’s carbon chain. Long chains of carbon atoms consist of each fatty acid with an attached hydrogen atom. There are short chain fatty acids known as SCFA, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) such as coconut oil and long chain fatty acids (LCFA). Whether unsaturated or saturated, the majority of fats and oils in our diet are composed of long chain fatty acids.In fact, a majority of the fatty acids commonly consumed are LCFA. Coconut oil is predominantly medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and the effects of the MCFA in coconut oil are distinctly different from the LCFA found in other foods. In fact, the saturated and unsaturated fat in milk, eggs, meat and even in plants and most vegetable oils are made of LCFA. Why is this relevant? It’s important because our bodies respond and metabolize each fatty acid differently. The MCFA found in coconut oil makes it special because these fatty acids don’t have a negative effect on cholesterol.In fact, they’re known to lower the risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis. There are only few dietary sources of MCFA, and one of the best sources by far is coconut oil. The liver and gall bladder don’t need to digest and emulsify MCFA, resulting in instant energy, increased metabolic rate and subsequently greater heat production and increased circulation. Anyone with an impaired fat digestion or removed gallbladder will benefit from coconut oil as this oil is  easily digested. Lauric acid Many of coconut oil’s health benefits are attributed to its lauric acid.Lauric acid in the body is converted into monolaurin, a compound that’s highly toxic to viruses, bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms because of its ability to disrupt their lipid membranes and virtually destroy them. Monolaurin is effective for treating candida albicans, fungal infections and athlete’s foot. It also targets bacterial infections and viruses like measles, influenza, hepatitis C and even HIV—researchers from the Philippines are studying the effectiveness of lauric acid against HIV/AIDS due to its strong antiviral properties.Moreover, lauric acid is non-toxic, making it a better alternative to modern drugs prescribed for viruses, fungal and bacterial infections. Without lauric acid, monolaurin cannot be produced by the body. Breast milk is the only other source of lauric acid, which could explain the lower incidence of infections among breast-fed infants. Regular consumption of coconut oil has also been found to boost immunity and reduce the frequency of sickness. The health benefits of coconut oilHair care  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The unique fatty acids in coconut oil have a small molecular structure and pas s freely into the hair’s cell membrane, allowing the oil to penetrate the hair’s shaft, which brings out the deep conditioning from within as compared to other conditioners that work from the outside in. Massaging the oil into the scalp can offer relief from dandruff. Dandruff is caused by dry skin or an internal fungal condition that reached the scalp. With regular use, coconut oil can kill the fungus and eliminate dandruff issues. For  deep hair conditioning, a teaspoon or two on damp hair left for as long as possible can give a nice shine.Leave it on overnight and see startling results. Skin care  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Coconut oil is an excellent skin conditioner that contains medium-chain triglycerides, naturally occurring fats which deeply penetrate, moisturize and act as a protective barrier against environmental and free radical damage. The oil also provides sun protection by screening 20 per cent of ultraviolet exposure. Coconut oil is rich in antioxidants and the natur al microbial and antibacterial agents caphrylic and capric acids. Its ability to smooth the skin while infusing with antioxidants make it a perfect anti-aging moisturizer.Moreover, it contains vitamin E, another antioxidant popular for hastening the recovery of skin abrasions, burns and other trauma. Weight loss  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil can speed up metabolism faster than long-chain fatty acids because they are easily digested and converted into energy. In fact, a  study reported  medium-chain fatty acids to be three times more effective in raising metabolism than long-chain fatty acids, leading researchers to conclude that effective weight loss can be achieved by replacing long-chain fatty acids with medium-chain fatty acids.Natural remedy for pneumonia  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The American College of Chest Physicians found that coconut oil offers pneumonia patients faster and more complete relief from symptoms. This could be a welcome development for many a s this means a shortened hospital stay, lower medical expenses and lower exposure for the patient to a hospital environment. Moreover, it’s an  inexpensive addition to traditional antibiotics  and has no known side effects.Lowers risk of diabetes, heart disease and improves cholesterol levels  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ In a study of 20 to 40-year-old women, half were instructed to take a 30 ml soybean oil supplement while the other half were instructed to take a 30 ml coconut oil supplement while maintaining a moderate exercise routine over a 12-week period. Results showed that although both groups of women had a decrease in body mass index (BMI), only the women who were taking coconut oil showed a notable decrease in waist circumference, significantly lowering the risk of conditions like type II diabetes and heart disease.Furthermore, the study also showed that the subjects who experienced an improvement in their cholesterol profile along with higher HDL levels and higher HDL to LDL ra tio were the ones taking coconut oil. Those taking soybean oil did not receive the  same benefits  but reflected a higher total cholesterol as well as higher LDL cholesterol lower, lower HDL cholesterol and a lower HDL to LDL ratio. Assists in bone health and chronic fatigue  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Research has found coconut oil to help prevent osteoporosis because it helps in the nutrient absorption of minerals such as calcium and magnesium – important minerals that fight steoporosis. Moreover, the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil  produce energy  rather than body fat, thereby improving metabolism and preventing fatigue. The oil has also been shown to destroy organisms in the body that sap its strength and contribute to the condition of fatigue. Alzheimer’s Disease  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Dr. Mary Newport, after failing to get treatment for her husband’s dementia, discovered that coconut oil contained natural medium-chain triglyceride (MCT). The same substance was used in a drug trial her husband failed to qualify for.So, she gave her husband 1 tbsp. of coconut oil twice a day for a month and a half and saw him recover almost completely. Other benefits: †¢ Protects against cancer, HIV and other infectious diseases †¢ Kills bacteria and parasites like tapeworm and liver flukes †¢ Eases acid reflux and aids in proper bowel function †¢ Lowers incidence of hemorrhoids †¢ Heals and relieves intestinal problems †¢ Soothes earaches †¢ Deals with symptoms connected with prostate enlargement †¢ Strengthens the liver and protects against degeneration Reduces incidence of epileptic seizures †¢ Reduces joint and muscle inflammation †¢ Eases neuropathies and itching from diabetes. How much oil should be taken? According to researchers, an adult should consume around 3 1/2 tbsp. of coconut oil daily: an amount equal to the MCFA a nursing infant would receive in one day. The benefits of coconut oil are derived fr om the nutritional value of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA’s), and the best comparison in nature as to the percentage of MCFA consumed in a diet is in human breast milk.For those who aren’t used to having coconut oil in their diet, it’s best to start out with a smaller amount and see how the body reacts before following the recommended amount. Does coconut oil have any adverse side effects? Coconut oil has no known side effects. However, if you’re used to a low-fat diet, a common adverse reaction would be diarrhea. It’s probably not advisable to start with a large amount right away. Spreading the recommended amount over the course of one day and building up to a larger dose can help to avoid unwanted effects.In coconut-producing countries, it’s considered beneficial for pregnant and lactating women to enjoy coconut oil; Westerners used to a low-fat diet, however, are cautioned not to experiment with coconut oil while pregnant if the body is not used to it. If you’ve been consuming coconut oil regularly with no adverse reactions, there’s no reason to discontinue consumption. Read more at  http://www. themindfulword. org/2012/coconut-oil-health-benefits/#XF4RhFfeAcAAu3hx. 99 Coconut Oil Coconut oil is a popular nutritional oil derived from the flesh of matured coconuts. Coconuts have long been a primary source of food throughout the tropics and their many industrial and cosmetic applications have made them a valuable commodity. Coconut oil is heat stable, making it suitable for cooking at high temperatures, it’s slow to oxidize, resists rancidity and has a shelf life of approximately two years or more (virgin coco creme created through a wet-milling process has an indefinite shelf life). Coconut oil’s compositionCoconuts have a variety of health benefits due to their fibre and nutritional content, but it’s the oil that makes them a remarkable source of food and medicine. Coconut oil has definitely earned its reputation as the healthiest oil in the world despite the fact that its high saturated fat content was once falsely claimed to be unhealthy. What makes coconut oil different? Oils and fats are composed of molecules known as fatty acids. They are classified either according to saturation or based on molecular length and size of the carbon chain within each fatty acid.Monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats are an example of the first class. The second classification is based on molecular size or length of the fatty acid’s carbon chain. Long chains of carbon atoms consist of each fatty acid with an attached hydrogen atom. There are short chain fatty acids known as SCFA, medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) such as coconut oil and long chain fatty acids (LCFA). Whether unsaturated or saturated, the majority of fats and oils in our diet are composed of long chain fatty acids.In fact, a majority of the fatty acids commonly consumed are LCFA. Coconut oil is predominantly medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) and the effects of the MCFA in coconut oil are distinctly different from the LCFA found in other foods. In fact, the saturated and unsaturated fat in milk, eggs, meat and even in plants and most vegetable oils are made of LCFA. Why is this relevant? It’s important because our bodies respond and metabolize each fatty acid differently. The MCFA found in coconut oil makes it special because these fatty acids don’t have a negative effect on cholesterol.In fact, they’re known to lower the risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis. There are only few dietary sources of MCFA, and one of the best sources by far is coconut oil. The liver and gall bladder don’t need to digest and emulsify MCFA, resulting in instant energy, increased metabolic rate and subsequently greater heat production and increased circulation. Anyone with an impaired fat digestion or removed gallbladder will benefit from coconut oil as this oil is  easily digested. Lauric acid Many of coconut oil’s health benefits are attributed to its lauric acid.Lauric acid in the body is converted into monolaurin, a compound that’s highly toxic to viruses, bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms because of its ability to disrupt their lipid membranes and virtually destroy them. Monolaurin is effective for treating candida albicans, fungal infections and athlete’s foot. It also targets bacterial infections and viruses like measles, influenza, hepatitis C and even HIV—researchers from the Philippines are studying the effectiveness of lauric acid against HIV/AIDS due to its strong antiviral properties.Moreover, lauric acid is non-toxic, making it a better alternative to modern drugs prescribed for viruses, fungal and bacterial infections. Without lauric acid, monolaurin cannot be produced by the body. Breast milk is the only other source of lauric acid, which could explain the lower incidence of infections among breast-fed infants. Regular consumption of coconut oil has also been found to boost immunity and reduce the frequency of sickness. The health benefits of coconut oilHair care  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The unique fatty acids in coconut oil have a small molecular structure and pas s freely into the hair’s cell membrane, allowing the oil to penetrate the hair’s shaft, which brings out the deep conditioning from within as compared to other conditioners that work from the outside in. Massaging the oil into the scalp can offer relief from dandruff. Dandruff is caused by dry skin or an internal fungal condition that reached the scalp. With regular use, coconut oil can kill the fungus and eliminate dandruff issues. For  deep hair conditioning, a teaspoon or two on damp hair left for as long as possible can give a nice shine.Leave it on overnight and see startling results. Skin care  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Coconut oil is an excellent skin conditioner that contains medium-chain triglycerides, naturally occurring fats which deeply penetrate, moisturize and act as a protective barrier against environmental and free radical damage. The oil also provides sun protection by screening 20 per cent of ultraviolet exposure. Coconut oil is rich in antioxidants and the natur al microbial and antibacterial agents caphrylic and capric acids. Its ability to smooth the skin while infusing with antioxidants make it a perfect anti-aging moisturizer.Moreover, it contains vitamin E, another antioxidant popular for hastening the recovery of skin abrasions, burns and other trauma. Weight loss  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil can speed up metabolism faster than long-chain fatty acids because they are easily digested and converted into energy. In fact, a  study reported  medium-chain fatty acids to be three times more effective in raising metabolism than long-chain fatty acids, leading researchers to conclude that effective weight loss can be achieved by replacing long-chain fatty acids with medium-chain fatty acids.Natural remedy for pneumonia  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The American College of Chest Physicians found that coconut oil offers pneumonia patients faster and more complete relief from symptoms. This could be a welcome development for many a s this means a shortened hospital stay, lower medical expenses and lower exposure for the patient to a hospital environment. Moreover, it’s an  inexpensive addition to traditional antibiotics  and has no known side effects.Lowers risk of diabetes, heart disease and improves cholesterol levels  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ In a study of 20 to 40-year-old women, half were instructed to take a 30 ml soybean oil supplement while the other half were instructed to take a 30 ml coconut oil supplement while maintaining a moderate exercise routine over a 12-week period. Results showed that although both groups of women had a decrease in body mass index (BMI), only the women who were taking coconut oil showed a notable decrease in waist circumference, significantly lowering the risk of conditions like type II diabetes and heart disease.Furthermore, the study also showed that the subjects who experienced an improvement in their cholesterol profile along with higher HDL levels and higher HDL to LDL ra tio were the ones taking coconut oil. Those taking soybean oil did not receive the  same benefits  but reflected a higher total cholesterol as well as higher LDL cholesterol lower, lower HDL cholesterol and a lower HDL to LDL ratio. Assists in bone health and chronic fatigue  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Research has found coconut oil to help prevent osteoporosis because it helps in the nutrient absorption of minerals such as calcium and magnesium – important minerals that fight steoporosis. Moreover, the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil  produce energy  rather than body fat, thereby improving metabolism and preventing fatigue. The oil has also been shown to destroy organisms in the body that sap its strength and contribute to the condition of fatigue. Alzheimer’s Disease  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Dr. Mary Newport, after failing to get treatment for her husband’s dementia, discovered that coconut oil contained natural medium-chain triglyceride (MCT). The same substance was used in a drug trial her husband failed to qualify for.So, she gave her husband 1 tbsp. of coconut oil twice a day for a month and a half and saw him recover almost completely. Other benefits: †¢ Protects against cancer, HIV and other infectious diseases †¢ Kills bacteria and parasites like tapeworm and liver flukes †¢ Eases acid reflux and aids in proper bowel function †¢ Lowers incidence of hemorrhoids †¢ Heals and relieves intestinal problems †¢ Soothes earaches †¢ Deals with symptoms connected with prostate enlargement †¢ Strengthens the liver and protects against degeneration Reduces incidence of epileptic seizures †¢ Reduces joint and muscle inflammation †¢ Eases neuropathies and itching from diabetes. How much oil should be taken? According to researchers, an adult should consume around 3 1/2 tbsp. of coconut oil daily: an amount equal to the MCFA a nursing infant would receive in one day. The benefits of coconut oil are derived fr om the nutritional value of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA’s), and the best comparison in nature as to the percentage of MCFA consumed in a diet is in human breast milk.For those who aren’t used to having coconut oil in their diet, it’s best to start out with a smaller amount and see how the body reacts before following the recommended amount. Does coconut oil have any adverse side effects? Coconut oil has no known side effects. However, if you’re used to a low-fat diet, a common adverse reaction would be diarrhea. It’s probably not advisable to start with a large amount right away. Spreading the recommended amount over the course of one day and building up to a larger dose can help to avoid unwanted effects.In coconut-producing countries, it’s considered beneficial for pregnant and lactating women to enjoy coconut oil; Westerners used to a low-fat diet, however, are cautioned not to experiment with coconut oil while pregnant if the body is not used to it. If you’ve been consuming coconut oil regularly with no adverse reactions, there’s no reason to discontinue consumption. Read more at  http://www. themindfulword. org/2012/coconut-oil-health-benefits/#XF4RhFfeAcAAu3hx. 99

Accounting Terminology Essay

Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term described, or answer â€Å"None† if the statement does not correctly describe any of the terms. a. The level of sales at which revenue exactly equals costs and expenses. Break-even point. b. Costs remain unchanged despite changes in sales volume. Fixed Costs. c. The span over which output is likely to vary and assumptions about cost behavior generally remain valid. Relevant Range. d. Sales revenue less variable costs and expenses. Contribution margin. e. Unit sales price minus variable cost per unit. Unit contribution margin. f. The reduction in unit cost achieved from a higher level of output. Economics of scale. g. Costs the respond to changes in sales volume by less than a proportionate amount. Semi variable costs. h. Operating income less variable costs. â€Å"None†. Exercise 20.7 – Using Cost-Volume-Profit Formulas Exercise 21.2 – Home Depot’s Financial Statements: Incremental, Sunk, and Opportunity Costs Read the footnote in Appendix A referring to Home Depot’s decision to close all of its remaining big box stores in China. Write a short paragraph identifying the incremental, sunk and opportunity costs associated with this decision. Assume that any cost savings will be invested elsewhere in more productive stores. Incremental costs relate to the difference in costs between alternative courses of action and incremental revenues. The incremental costs that would be that would occur from either remodeling or closing Home Depot an existing location would include cost of materials, overhead from the actual physical remodel, labor that includes employee pay for rearranging and moving merchandise during a remodel if it occurred, designing and planning costs. Opportunity costs are important factors when it comes to decision making because they define the costs of taking some action in terms of the value foregone or that’s given up due to a particular action taken place. Opportunity costs of remolding would include profits on lost sales if the store is closed during remodeling, loss of current sales due to decrease in customer traffic (due to excessive noise, smell, dirt and inconveniences. Stores could potentially lose profit if they are not able to stock the full line of products or keep items stocked during a remodel. Whereas a sunk cost is an outlay that has been irrevocably incurred at some time in the past; sunk costs cannot be changed no matter what course of action is taken and are irrelevant for purposes of decision making involving the future. Sunk costs related to either remodeling of the store that would need to be taken into consideration include original costs of the current store (decorations, paint, shelves, displays, carpet) and designs that will need to be replaced or removed during either remodeling or closing. Exercise 21.6 – Incremental Analysis: Make or Buy Decision The cost to Swank Company of manufacturing 15,000 units of a particular part is $135,000, of which $60,000 is fixed and $75,000 is variable. The company can buy the part from an outside supplier for $6 per unit. Fixed costs will remain the  same regardless of Swank’s decision. Should the company buy the part or continue to manufacture it? Prepare a comparative schedule in the format illustrated in Exhibit 21-6. It would be more beneficial for the company to manufacture the part rather than buy it from an outside provider. Brief Exercise 22.9 – Flows of Costs through Manufacturing Accounts The President of Cold Moo Ice Cream Company, a chain of ice cream stores in the Midwest, was unhappy with the actual six-month profit figures for the  company recently prepared by the CFO. The president asked the CFO for a profit breakdown, by store, of the actual six-month results. When the President received the report, he was extremely upset and called the CFO, into his office. The President stated, â€Å"These reports show that each store in the chain is profitable, but our company results are unprofitable! How can this be?† The CFO pointed out that each store was allowed to set prices for ice cream based on its cost structure. However, the stores’ cost structures did not include headquarters costs of the costs of advertising and delivery of products. What are the three characteristics for operating a successful responsibility accounting system? Consider whether the accounting system at Cold Moo Ice Cream Company includes the three characteristics of a successful responsibility accounting system. How could the responsibility accounting system at Cold Moo be improved? As the Textbook states, â€Å"measuring performance along the lines of management responsibility is an important function. A responsibility accounting system holds individual managers accountable for the performance of the business centers under their control and provides top management with information useful in identifying strengths and weaknesses among units throughout the organization.† The three characteristics of a successful operating accounting system will include budgets, will measure the performance, and contain timely performance reports. â€Å"Budgets serve as performance targets for each subunit in an organization. The accounting system will measure the performance of each responsibility center, and timely performance reports are prepared that compare the actual performance of each center with the amounts budgeted.† When reports are preformed frequently, it allows center managers to be able to keep their performances on target, and helps with the evaluation of the managers. It does not appear hat Cold Moo Ice Cream is following the timely reports method of the accounting system, which is essential to ensuring the financial information is accurate as possible, and to improve this aspect should be more intertwined with the actual budget and more accurately present how the performance of the store is measured. To do so the responsibility income statement should also be presented, this  contains not only the operating results of a particular part of a business but also the revenue and expenses of each profit center within that part, which could be extremely important to see how those centers within the same area measure and stack up against one another. For the responsibility income statement to be informative and useful it should essentially and efficiently be able to detail Variable Costs, Contribution Margin, Fixed Costs, Traceable Fixed Costs and Common Fixed Costs. In addition, fixed costs that are common to both product lines amount to $125,000.00. Instructions a. Prepare Chocolatiers’ responsibility income statement for the current month. Report the responsibility margin for each product line and income from operations for the company as a whole. Also include columns showing all dollar amounts as percentages of sales. b. According to the analysis performed in part a, which product line is more profitable? Should the common fixed costs be considered when determining the profitability of individual product lines? Why or why not? According the analysis in part a, the solid product line is more profitable. When determining profitability of any product line, common fixed costs should not be considered. Only the costs that are directly traceable to the product lines should be included. Common fixed costs are not directly traceable to any product, as they are arbitrarily allocated in proportion to a chosen factor, for example, machine hour or square feet of a certain space occupied. c. Chocolatiers has $15,000.00 to be used in advertising for one of the two product lines and expects that the expenditure will result in additional sales of $50,000.00. How should the company decide which product line to advertise? The effects of this campaign will typically be in both sales and variable costs, and therefore the company should select the product line based on which product will have the highest contribution margin ratio, which is the  percentage of sales, service revenues or selling price that remains after all variable costs and variable expenses have been covered. This method takes into consideration the limited time frame of the advertising campaign, where fixed costs will most likely not be affected.

The Case for Contamination by Kwame Anthony Appiah Essay

The Case for Contamination by Kwame Anthony Appiah - Essay Example The writer starts the article by describing a setting in a town, Kumasi of Ghana. The town of Kumasi has had experiences with globalizations and cultural diversity yet the original culture of the town was still there. The writer explains a Wednesday festival occurring in the king’s palace. The writer explains how beautiful there was the combination of both globalization and culture at the same time in the festival when there were suited people sitting in the hall talking on their cell phones and on the same time the typical cultural display of honor and grace by the king. The writer explains in the essay that Kumasi is one of the few towns of Ghana which have a vast cultural diversity, one can find people from almost every ethnicity living in the city and yet the original culture of Ghana was observed on the Wednesday festival. The writer explains in the article that forced globalization has been affecting world’s cultures and the global imperialization by the media as well as the globalization has led much culture to the level of their extinction. The affect of globalization on the cultures is that the people watching TV have started to follow the cultures and trends shown mostly on it as they are shown so explicitly that it is almost impossible to avoid them. By doing so they have somewhat lost what was their original culture and are now lost in the modern world. â€Å"Across the street from us, when we were growing up, there was a large house occupied by a number of families, among them a vast family of boys; one, about my age, was a good friend. He lives in London. His brother lives in Japan, where his wife is from. They have another brother who has been in Spain for a while and a couple more brothers who, last I heard, were in the United States. Some of them still live in Kumasi, one or two in Accra, Ghana's capital. Eddie, who lives in Japan, speaks his wife's language now. He has to.† Talking from a religious point of view, the write r has explained in the topic how religions can have both positive and detrimental effects on globalization. As we all know that every religion in the world has given powers to the individuals rather than a central power source which controls everything. Giving powers to the individuals will allow them to decide what they want to have and what want to do. It is up to the people of a specific culture to decide whether they want to continue living in their culture or adapt to the modern world in which modernization is everything and globalization has affected the cultures so badly. Religion gives everyone freedom of speech as well as choosing what is suitable for him. This freedom has been affecting the preservation of cultures so far as impressed by the global media people are choosing ways which are taking them away from their original culture. This is what most of the religious people fear. The religious people who have taken steps for the preservations of their respective cultures fear that the globalization has been having severe detrimental effects on their religions. the most important issue raised by them is Media Imperialization as told by the writer in the article. This imperilization has been affecting many cultures of the world. the writer also describes his hometown that even though globalization has been visiting there too but the cultural roots of the people are still very strong. â€Å"Even here, the villagers will have radios (though the language will

Managing Decision Making and Decision Support Essay

Managing Decision Making and Decision Support - Essay Example This paper will mainly look at the association flanked by the REM and OR and SSM. The issue learns on JB Casting will be used from side to side out to exemplify the relationship flanked by the theories and the methodologies. "Management in order system is necessary for creating spirited firms, organization global corporation, and providing helpful products and services to clientele." (Laudon, 2002, P1) It provides in order figure of reports and displays to executives. For instance, sales managers may employ their computer workstations to obtain sales consequences of their foodstuffs and to the right of entry weekly sales psychoanalysis reports, and then assesses sales made by every seller. "Management in order systems arose in the 1970s to centre on computer-based in order systems meant at managers." (Laudon, 2002, P15). Since of the growths of the Internet, globalisations of a deal, and the rise of in order economies have to get better the role of in order system in commerce and management. And then it wants pays notice to organisation management in order that issues raised by sociology, finances, surroundings and psychology. "An association is a stable, official social arrangement that takes capital fr om the surroundings and procedure them to create outputs." (Laudon, 2002, P87) This essay will be assessing the payment of Management in order System to Organisations. ... Organizational Environment Organizations always are livelihood in a various and altering environment. The executives of the association will catch the helpful information and resource from the surroundings to attain managerial objectives. We can look upon the organization as an unlocking scheme which interacts with the surroundings. Through planning, association, most important, making-decision, managers attempt to change and manage elements in the surroundings. Today's surroundings admiration additional multifaceted and unbalanced, it leads managerial management also experiences very far above the ground uncertainty and vagueness. As a successful director, you should use theoretical skills to forecast surroundings, personal skills to resolve disagreement in managerial civilization or worldwide relationship, and technological skills to direct uncertain in order. When boss meet new surroundings and new confront which had never occurred, how do they resolve evils by means of their management skills and information and referring from particulars which had happened Today managers have to focus on environment altering, they will totally appreciate and manage the environment to have effectual management in the association. The piece of writing includes there sectors. The first division presents how unsure surroundings do and the surroundings affect the organization life. The next division gives a figure of examples to explain that beneath the uncertain surroundings, executives weaken the lucid psychoanalysis. The third sector, the author wants to find additional effectual approaches to make your mind up difficulty under the unsure and ambiguous surroundings.  Ã‚  

Argumentative essay Roman Fever By Edith Wharton

Moral Issues Related To Seven Deadly Sins - Essay Example The book is very comprehensive from the foreword to the content and yet, it appears that many people are still oblivious about these. Sin is elucidated in the forward and the sins to be tackled were likewise discussed beforehand. The stories and the beginning of the ideas behind seven deadly sins can be traced back to St. Gregory as well as his identification of the normal dangers of the soul while taking into consideration Mahatma Gandhi. It also examines the classifications and perils represented by the seven deadly sins one by one. The plot of Wharton’s short story can be compared to a house of cards. Each card has significant support to the entire structure that if one is taken out, it will lose its essence. The commencing scene where daughters, Barbara and Jenny, run off to meet young provokes Mrs. Slade’s memories of her as well as Mrs. Ansley’s romantic adventures in Rome, 25 years prior to the present scene. She tried to share how Ansley has changed physically. Her observation establishes the concealed rancor she feels towards her companion and predicts every so implicitly the incongruous ending. Edith Wharton defies the thought of knowledge as well as understanding, even a person’s private experiences. The employment of Jackie Royster’s scenic analysis to Wharton’s Roman fever represents the idea that any person just because of envy and competition never achieve an awareness of the reality of human life as well as existence. This can be seen in the story when â€Å"She wished that Jenny falls in love- with the wrong man, even; that she might have to be watched, outmaneuvered, rescued† (Wharton, p.50). This is already evidence of how evil can manipulate and poison one’s mind just because of envy.

Micosoft in Europe-The Real Stakes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Micosoft in Europe-The Real Stakes - Essay Example As with any large firm there are likely a number of legal issues that a company can face. In the original â€Å"European Union vs. Microsoft† case was originally stemmed from a complaint by Novell regarding the company’s licensing practices. The ultimate original decision was that Microsoft was ordered by the European Commission of the EU to divulge some information in its server products and for the company to re-release its Windows operating system without a mandatory Windows Media Player application. Strengths and Weaknesses within Microsoft: For this section of the paper two of the four components of as SWOT Analysis in which the simple strengths and weaknesses of the firm will be covered. From information presented in the case it has become clear that Microsoft has the financial means to sustain the direct financial costs associated with the European Union upholding the original decision of the case. As it is the case that Microsoft still controls a substantial portion of the operating system and office suite market for personal computers at 93% and 97% respectively. If the company was forced to divulge a significant portion of their strategic competencies it can be that the firm has the human capital to create new strategic advantages. Furthermore if the firm produces a new operating system every couple of years it would only be a matter of time before a new method gaining increased market-share can be implemented Opportunities and Threats: Although this paper will cover both opportunities and threats, as highlighted in chapter 4 of our course textbook a Porter’s (1979) Five Forces model will also be used. In terms of opportunities, in the case study it was not presented that customers were angry with Microsoft rather it is their competitors. As such one could conclude that there is still marketability of their product offerings even if the courts were to rule against them. Whilst it

Treaty of Versailles and World War II Coursework

Treaty of Versailles and World War II - Coursework Example Designed to ensure peace, the psychological effects on the German people as a result of these terms produced the opposite effect as Germany was tossed into economic ruin. The conventional wisdom has always been that it was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles that created a political situation in which another war was almost inevitable. This conclusion is an example of the desire of humanity as a whole to reduce the most complex situations down to the simplest explanation. By insisently focusing on this one aspect of the history between the two world wars of the 20th century, the multiple lessons to be gained that could reduce that possibility of such a thing happening run the risk of not only being discounted but even denied. The complex mechanism of history that served to foment the unique conditions that led to World War II include factors as varied as the stock market crash of 1929 and its impact on the willingness of many to embrace extremist answers to crushing economic unce rtainty, as well as unexplained reluctances of the part of governments to recognize and control the growing threat of fascist authority and Germany's blatant violations of many tenets of the treaty. The substantial impact of the Treaty of Versaille should not be ignored, but under different circumstances it alone would probably not have been enough to create a situation of inevitability. What has become inevitable is that the terms of the treaty are blamed for creating economic fear and uncertainty in Germany that produced a psychological mindset in the nation that made them much more susceptible to the message of Hitler and the National Socialists. Lost admit this certainty of a correlation between divergent events, however, is that Germany was hardly alone in suffering devastating economic conditions during Hitler's ascension to power. The impact on the inevitability of World War II by the 1920 stock market crash thousands of miles away from Berlin cannot be underestimated (Redlich, 1999, p. 85). This event brought the boom market of the Roaring Twenties to an immediate halt not just in America, but around the world. While it is true that Germany suffered tremendously, so too were other major players in World War II affected. The greatest impact of the economic uncertainty engendered by the stock market collapse was not relegated to economic viability such as the inability to conduct necessary trade, but to political opportunism. The massive loss of jobs and income threw many people around the world into abject poverty, and with poverty comes despair, and with despair comes the willingness to look for an answer out. The Great Depression created the perfect opportunity for extremist or radical ideas to flourish. The 1930s saw the rise in power of proponents of both communism and fascism, each of whom promised a way out of hopelessness (Blum, 1998, p. 31). This hopelessness presented especially ripe opportunities for those who had been most devastating by the Treaty of Versailles and the loss of World War I. The fascists in Italy quickly gained support by appeals to nationalism by being quite capable of pointing the finger toward America and England as the cause of their misery. It was the rampant capitalism and the power of the banks and the blind greed that had thrown the world into turmoil. Promises of prosperity and the

English project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English project - Assignment Example I have in the process made meaningful progress and built long lasting relationships with people around me in my profession. I believe I have the right credentials in having experience, exposure, on-the-job expertise and technical knowledge to undertake the role of a System Analyst your organisation I have also had interactions with leading scholars and researchers in the field of technology and electronics to supplement my knowledge and have an ongoing association with the academia of my college. This puts me to an advantage to serve the role of junior research assistant and not only work on a continuous basis but keep learning, innovating and growing in due course of my career. My academic track record has been fair enough to qualify as a prerequisite for the rigour and consistency required in this role in an extremely niche, interesting and cutting edge area. I believe, I will be able to integrate all my learning and provide my services through my experiences, interactions and lear ning in a wholesome manner. Cover Letter: To, Recruiting Head, The Human Resource Department, Name of Company. Ref: Application for the post of System Analyst Dear Sir, This is requesting your attention on my interest for the role of a system analyst in your company. I would like to say that I have been a part of the Saudi Oger Company for the last 1 year 3 years and acquired knowledge and job experience. I have also trained professionals and mentored juniors in my area of specialised knowledge which is customer support and people management. To add to my credentials, I bear a consistent academic track record all through my academic career. I have specific interest in entering into the customer service departments in the capacity of a team Lead or a System Analyst and put to use the learning and experience I’ve had over the past 1 year. To add to my learning and professional exposure I also play soccer and believe in a healthy life style. I would like you to consider my appli cation and go through my profile and credentials attached. I look forward to a positive reply and anticipate the best. Regards, Thank You Letter: To, Recruiting Head, The Human Resource Department, Name of Company Ref: Application for the post of System Analyst Dear Sir, I write to you expressing my sincere appreciation for the time you’ve taken out in arranging our discussion. I have absorbed the moments well and enjoyed the discussion we had centred on the job opportunity as a System Analyst. The information shared by you was highly valuable and I appreciate the effort you put in sharing your valuable insights related to the Technology and customer service industry and my career path in general. I thank you once again for your valuable time and sincerely look forward to your reply. Anticipating the best. Regards, Resume Full Name Address Phone Number Email id Career Objectives: 1. To continuously learn and apply acquired skills in doing meaningful and productive work 2. To strike a balance between my professional and personal life 3. To learn and grow as an all round individual Academic Background Institute Year of Passing Aggregate Riyadh College of Technology 2009 3.4 GPA Technical Capabilities: Software Languages, Platforms, Subjects Professional Capabilities: People Management,

Starbucks Companys Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Starbucks Companys Marketing Plan - Essay Example The objectives are as follows: Starbucks is now a household name and is continuing to delve into other areas such as joining forces with large companies (Dreyers Grand Ice Cream, Pepsi-Cola, Hear Music, Tazo Tea Company, Kraft Foods, etc. to continue branching out. Euromonitor International : Global Company Profile (2004) reports,"It aims to position its outlet as customers "third place", a location where the customer feels able to relax free from the pressures of either work or home Starbucks's main objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognised and respected brand in the world. To achieve this, the company plans to continue to rapidly expand its outlets, to grow retail sales of its bottled drinks and ice cream and introduce new products and expand distribution channels." By licensing agreement, it has joined forces with other huge businesses. By placing itself everywhere and developing customer loyalty by providing what they want and need (in many areas). Having customers who are loyal to a certain brand is the key to a company's success. When a company can obtain customers who are loyal to its brand, this is extremely advantageous as the customers are the ones who will do the advertising and the selling. The company does not have to work as hard. The advantages of positioning Starbucks as a lifestyle product and joining forces with other companies were many. Gaining a competitive advantage by not just selling a product but selling a community; a place where people could have a sense of belonging. By touching people's emotions, they were able to hit right at the heart, where people are moved, and decisions are easily made based on emotions and what touches them. Their customers were made to feel special and a part of an elite group surrounded by others like them as those who purchased the coffees, other products (such as holiday items), and music could share the same social lifestyle. It is more than just a mere cup of coffee that they were getting. It is a lifestyle, a community, a way of life, and the "customers' third location". In today's world, there

Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesco - Essay Example Analysis of the company’s operating exposure 6 6. Management of operating exposure 7 7. Summary and conclusion 8 Appendices 11 1. The company Telco is a general merchandising and multinational grocery store in United Kingdom with its headquarters situated at Cheshunt. In the retailing section Telco plc ranks third in the word after Wal-Mart and Carrefour while it is second largest company in terms of profitability after Wal-Mart (Reuters, 2011). The company was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919.The company over the years has expanded geographically. The company is listed under the London Stock Exchange constituting of FTSE 100 index. Telco plc market capitalisation rate was around ?27.8 billion as on 15th September, 2012 (London South East, 2012). The main aim of the company is to provide its consumers with the best quality products at attainable rates, which make the company a success over the long period of time. The company operating in various countries like UK, US, Asia, Mala ysia, Thailand and Republic of Ireland, etc. have to confront the different market rate fluctuations. Thus this can be sorted through the study made below (Appendix: 1). 2. The macroeconomic situation United States alike the other advanced economies of the country has come through a lot of improvements from the economic perspectives. The financial markets have been stable since a past few years which got reflected through the continuous rally of corporate bonds and equities. This was achieved through the narrowing of the spreads of the corporate bonds and fall in the interest rates of inter-bank. Most of the lead indicators of the economic activity are showing signs of recovery-though the recovery of the economy is likely to take place at a modest pace. The slow recovery of the economy is the price that US is ready to pay to come to a balanced economy. Consumers entering the downturn with relatively high debt levels and low savings are pacing out the consumption of growth. However, a remarkable recovery is mainly due to the stable consumer spending and the revival of demand at the consumer level (Deloitte, 2009, p.5). 3. Porter’s five factor framework for competition It is mainly the analysis based on which the strategy of the company is incorporated before establishing a company in a new country or city. It was developed by Michael E. Porter to understand the unattractive forces of the market which may pose trouble in the establishment of a company. 3.1 Bargaining power of Buyers Apart from Wal-mart and Marshals the country of Canada lacks prospective large retailers. This gives Tesco a wide chance in establishing its business in Canada, as the population of the Canada has an earning capacity of $22,000 to $ $42,000 on an approximation (Statistics Canada, 2012). 3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers Most of the suppliers of Tesco being loyal to its company Tesco never had to face dilemma in terms of production of the related goods. Still Tesco comprising o f many suppliers their bargaining capacity is more when compared to Tesco as a buyer. In Canada the main three super markets are Wal-mart, Zellers and Giant Tigers. However, the threat faced from the suppliers is comparatively low as there is often a tendency for the large supermarkets to dictate the price paid to the suppliers of the product. If the suppliers do not agree with the price quoted by Tesco then it lies with very less options. Thus Tesco have a huge advantage in comparison to the local shops of Canada. 3.3 Competitive Rivalry Tesco can face competition on a larger scale from companies like Wal-mart, Zeller and Giant Tiger due to their business model strategy which is mainly based on the providing schemes of discounting on the overall products of the company. Thus to fight competition with the

Intercultural communications Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural communications - Term Paper Example As it is almost impossible to describe or explain any culture in a few words, but picking the most important facts, Thai culture could be said to be dynamic. One cannot describe Thai culture well without, first of all, mentioning the royal family. Everything in this South East Asian country rallies around the Thai King, who is both the official and constitutional head of Thai Kingdom (Baker & Phongpaichit 35). There are countless festivals, seasonal celebrations and rituals to mark the King’s birthday, the royal history and the history of Thailand. A short insight into the history of Thailand revealed that past Thai Kings had fought many battles to keep Thai people alive. Till today, Thailand is one of the countries in the world that has never been colonized by any foreign powers. So, Thai culture is almost unaffected by any strange culture unlike in case of many former colonist countries, where the colonialist cultures, be it British, French or Portuguese have changed the way people in such countries behave. Thai culture remains traditionally Thai, though modernity is changing the people’s lifestyles, but it doesn’t forcefully erase Thai traditional ways of life. Starting with fashion, the traditional Thai fashion is made from the shining Thai silk that has several colors. Shirts could be made for men using the silk, and Thai women often adore themselves with tight skirts, wrappers and blouse sewed from the Thai silk. A typical festival in Thailand would reveal how colorful this Thai silk is, and how fitting they look on Thai people. In the area of food and dishes, there are traditional but delicious Thai cuisines: prominent among them are the Tom Yum Kung and rice and noodles. Like most Asian dishes, Thai foods are salty, peppery, spicy, sweet or n\bitter. Rice appears to be the staple food for Thai people, but they eat it with varieties of soups and other side

Theories of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theories of Management - Essay Example Informal networks tend to be personal, voluntary, and have fluid boundaries. Participation in informal networks is not formally governed or officially recognized. Informal personal and social network activities are with organizational members who share, for instance, common social interests and are often used as a means to socialize among colleagues and to participate in activities they enjoy. Organizational issues are often discussed unofficially. (Ibarra, 2003, 58) Both engagement in formal and informal networking activities and career satisfaction can be expected to be dependent on the availability of time. Being scarce of time may diminish the amount of time that employees interact with their coworkers and this can be reflected in their network characteristics. Individually, a network whether it is an acquaintance, business partnerships and the likes is an advantage on the person who has it against a person who has no network at all. A certain network could be utilized for advancement of an individual in dealing instances such as selling of goods, interaction with others and promoting one's self. Knowing these premises, it is very important to build networks.

Is the Changing Attitude of Women towards Childbirth and Motherhood a Term Paper

Is the Changing Attitude of Women towards Childbirth and Motherhood a Cause of Seeking Abortions - Term Paper Example While it is unarguably agreed that issues of primary health care have been resolved to a great extent, their mental health and its implications on their attitudes towards their natural roles have been neglected; the changing attitudes of women towards childbirth and motherhood are a major cause of seeking abortions in modern society. Pointing out the correlation between abortions, illicit relationships and their risk to women’s health in Latin American women in â€Å"Clandestine induced abortion: prevalence, incidence and risk factors among women in a Latin American country " the report seeks to determine if these casual incidents of abortions are a major factor for their ill health. The rise in abortions during the regime of Reagan brought forth a study report that highlighted the degrading mental health of women as a major factor linking abortions. A pro-abortion Institution argued that it was women’s education and awareness of birth control as well as liberal promiscuity that caused drastic changes in decisions leading to abortions in society (2009). Although legalizing abortion made an impact on these figures, in "Sexuality, birth control, and abortion: a decision-making sequence." It is evident that changing trends in the attitudes of women towards their role as mothers and procreators that h ave actually made them seek abortions in the present society (1973). Abortion has been a topic of discussion for many thinkers. Not only the issues of women and their health but also a vital cause of concern for the whole society: mankind because it raises questions of morality and ethics in modern society. Comparisons in statistics of abortion making decisions with reference to geographical domains, educational standards, cultural and social backgrounds and as also the advent of technology in daily lives affected this issue of abortion to an extent unfathomable by most.  

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE Movie Review - 1

MULTINATIONAL CORP-EVOL & CUR ISSUE - Movie Review Example The country’s policy maker on financial and economic matters, the Fed has adopted lax standards as pertains to trade and lending standards. The Fed had adopted a policy that would stir activity in the economy by increasing the leverage ratios for commercial banks and other financial institutions. The Banks took advantage of this policy by borrowing capital in bulk and use the capital to create massive amounts in subprime loans (Barnett). This made mortgages very affordable and many citizens opted to build or buy their house on a mortgage(s). The amount of household debt in the United States quadrupled by the time the housing bubble burst. In a bid to clamp down on the rogue nature of banks and avoid the housing debt from growing any further, the Fed tightened its policy on the banks’ leverage ratios. This adjustment would cause the commercial banks to increase the cost of financing mortgages. This proved to be a challenge for many Americans as the new repayment stipulations increased the cost of the mortgage by over 100%. Huge defaulters in payments had their property repossessed causing the burst of the housing bubble. This bubble was mainly triggered by the increase in disposable income for savings. During the 2000 to 2007 period, there was a great increase and growth in the global fixed income securities. This increase in disposable income encouraged the development of economic bubbles all over the world. As these factors came into play, each bubble burst one after the other as such a business model is not sustainable over time. This led to the overall decrease in the value of assets. When the fall in value occurred, most banks opted to cut back on lending leading to the credit crunch. This caused a general inability of consumers and governments to borrow stifling investment and consumption. This led to the general decrease in business for companies and corporates as demand considerably decreased (United States Financial Inquiry

Las Adelitas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Las Adelitas - Essay Example They lives were controlled largely by either their fathers or husbands and other caretaker. The Mexican Revolution which began in the year 1911 and lasted up to 1920 was primarily against the presidency led by the governor of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz, as his rule was marked by violence and corruption while the common man and peasants lost their lands and were left with no means to support themselves. It was during this revolution the women folk also emerged from the confines of their homes and participated in the revolution to fight for their own causes (Jandura; Fernandez). Women shed their traditional image and dependency on men by becoming soldiers during the revolution. The various groups who opposed the rule of Diaz enrolled women in to their army. While some of the women soldiers fought for various reforms such as agrarian in order to provide better relief for the peasants, some others enrolled in the army to support their men or in other cases women entered the revolution in order to avenge the death of their dear ones and to improve their economic status. Women who worked as soldiers supported the men in their daily routine tasks in addition to supporting them in the battlefield. The men were in fact able to perform better with the support from the women as they were able to pursue their military responsibilities without any hindrance. In return for their participation women were rewarded with equality and freedom from attachment to their homes. They also gained economic freedom and were no longer bound by any societal or cultural norms that exi sted prior to the revolution. They also enjoyed their sexual freedom and engaged in sexual relations with men irrespective of their marital status. However, despite their abilities to work on par with men in the battlefield this transformation was not tolerated by men who wanted to remain the stronger force among the two genders. Thus these women soldiers were largely portrayed

Geggus, David Patrick. Haitian revolutionary studies. Essay Example for Free

Geggus, David Patrick. Haitian revolutionary studies. Essay After the 1695 Ryswick Treaty between France and Spain, France took control of St. Domingue (Willie 2001, p 36). The legal rights bestowed upon the French gave them the jurisdictional capacity to reign over the western region of Hispaniola. Government officials from France took care of the administrative and governing bodies of St. Domingue. The Ryswick Treaty paved way for the French to colonize St. Domingue and take preeminence in virtually every fundamental aspect of the region. The social, economic and political realms of the people of St. Domingue were largely defined by the French colonial systems in place (Willie 2001, p 36). The weighty colonial systems of the French in St. Domingue led to a stratified social system, dividing the people into social classes. The Les Grand Blancs were the superior whites who consisted of the planters and royal officials of the colony. The Les Petit Blanc, considered as the lowest group of whites consisted of the artisans, shopkeepers and bookkeepers in St. Domingue. By 1789, the total umber of whites in St. Domingue was 30, 000. The Mulattoes or free coloreds, numbering 28,000 by 1789, consisted of children fathered by white French men with black women (Willie, 2012, p 38). Emancipation of the free coloreds gave them an opportunity to own slaves as their white counterparts. They possessed one third of the real estate in St. Domingue. The slaves, who numbered 450, 000 by 1789 were the least in the social ladder (Ghachem 2003, p 4; Willie 2001, p 38). They literally owned nothing and were devoid of any degree of liberty compared to the other social classes. The social stratification structure in St. Domingue resulted into social, economic and political disparities that constantly caused friction among the social classes in the social ladder. Every social class sought to defend its rights and freedoms; the quest for justice and liberty was deeply engraved in each of the social classes (Geggus 2002, p 14). A critical analysis of the perceived economic and social injustices experienced by the groups is ultimately significant in understanding the causes and aims of the St. Domingue Revolution. Indeed, a critical evaluation of the social ladder in the French colony is imperative in comprehending the causes and aims of the St. Domingue Revolution from 1791-1804. The economic demography of St. Domingue in the late 18th century               Ã‚  One cannot talk about the St. Domingue Revolution (1791-1804) without expounding on the economic demography of the then, largest French colony. Dominated by agriculture and trading relations, the French colony was indeed export motivated. The colonial economy maximized on sugar, coffee, cotton and indigo plantations. The colony had 3000 coffee plantations, 800 sugar plantations, 800 cotton plantations and 2950 indigo plantations (Willie 2001, p 36). The expansive plantations placed St. Domingue strategically among the French colonies; in fact, it was the richest plantation colony of the French. The second half of the 18th century saw St. Domingue expand to become the largest exporter of coffee and sugar in the world; this placed France at a strategic place in the world economy (Willie 2001, p 36). The increased growth and demand in the colonial economy in St. Domingue triggered the colonialists to continually restructure the plantation systems. A constant increase in the number of slaves in the colony by the colonialists fueled the destabilization of the social balance in St. Domingue. In a bid to maintain a robust and thriving colonial agricultural economy, the colonialists subjected the slaves into hard labor, which consequently eroded their state of freedom and liberties. The lowest social class in the French colony experienced social and economic deficiencies that exacerbated their poor living standards. The poor living standards meant that the mortality rate of the slaves, sky- rocketed and necessitated the capture of more slaves for the further expansion of the colonial economy. The complicated economy in late century St. Domingue saw an increase in the number of slaves, which led to slave insurrections prior to 1791(Marsh and Nicola 2011, p 21). The desire of the slaves to attain freedom and liberty precipitated the St. Domingue revolution that historians claim changed the landscape of world affairs, and contributed to the demise of slavery. Hence, the social imbalance created by the economic demography of St. Domingue led to the inception of the revolution. The economic and social disparities of the social groups               Ã‚  Economic and social disparities were at the height of the causes and aims of the St. Domingue revolution (Geggus 2002 p 14). The social classes often clashed with one another in a bid to secure their social, economic and political justices. However, this was not an easy endeavor; hence, precipitating repeated crises that brought social and economic imbalances in the colony. The colonial masters sought to maintain the colony’s economic valor, and for this to happen, the relentless friction among the social clashes continued inevitably. Certainly, the social ladder triggered disparities that heightened the imbalances in the colony. The Les Grant Blancs who were born in the colony expressed feelings of discontent against the whites born from France, their motherland. The whites from France took charge of the most important government offices in the colony. The whites born in the colony (creoles) expressed dissatisfaction because they wanted to participate effectively in the government (Geggus 2002, p 6). The inability of the Les Grant Blancs to have a greater autonomy in the running of the colonial administration affected their social status in the colony. The group perceived that being on top of the social ladder deemed it right to have autonomy over the affairs of the colony. The planters and wealthy members of the group perceived that the ceremonial positions they were given in the assembly was not tantamount to their social status. The reduction of their status to minor aristocrats precipitated their desire to command more grounding against the European-born colonialists. As a result, there was a social stru ggle and imbalance as the group sought to gain the legal rights of controlling the colony. The Les Grant Blancs also wanted to have the freedom of trade. As the plantation owners, they wanted to have more economic autonomy from the proceeds of their produce. Apparently, the colonialists controlled the produce from the island, which was its major asset because of the strategic economic benefits associated with it. The French government introduced the Exclusive trade system, which ensured that the control of goods had to come exclusively from France. Moreover, the high taxation levied on the colony did not auger well with the group. The white plantation owners continually sought to have economic independence from the French government and the colonial administrators. The economic struggles between the Les Grant Blancs and the royal French colonial administrators brought economic imbalances that often threatened the integration of the groups. The white planters saw that the economic advances were creating injustices that needed to be addressed. According to Willie (2001, p 39 ), the Les Grant Blancs believed that the colony officials wasted St. Domingue’s resources. Therefore, the plantation owners and members of the assembly constantly attacked the executive officials from France. It was widely acknowledged that the wealth of the French colonies was primarily meant to benefit France, but not the colonies. This brought mixed reactions in the colony, with the superior whites advocating for the abolishment of heavy taxes and a greater control of the colony’s trade relations. The Les Petit Blanc consisting of poor white men did not have good relations with their rich counterparts. The social disparities between the two groups caused sharp conflicts that often resulted into physical violence. The Les Petit Blanc did not like the fact that their rich counterparts had immense wealth, which they could only imagine. The privileges that the Les Grant Blancs enjoyed created a stratified social structure that made the Les Petit Blanc inferior. The Mulattoes or free coloreds were also inferior to the wealthy planters and civil officers. The interaction between the poor whites and the Mulattoes as well as the slaves made the rich whites to perceive them as less important in the economic status of the colony. The economic and social superiority of the rich whites resulted into strained relationships between them and the â€Å"Les Petit Blancs†. Undoubtedly, the strained relationships stemmed from the economic and social disparities of the colony’s stru cture. Of importance still, is the relationship between the whites and the Mulattoes/ free coloureds. The disparities between the social classes came because of the economic and social characteristics of the Mulattoes. The free coloureds were seen as extremely ambitious and a threat to the social and economic dominance of the whites. They were strong and showed great prospects of social mobility and capacity to compete with the whites. Additionally, most of the Mulattoes were highly educated; hence, posing challenges to the dominant whites. The whites did not like the fast-rising nature of the free coloureds; they wanted them to remain inferior to them and settle at the bottom of the social class ladder. The social and economic disparities between the groups caused numerous conflicts that destabilized the power of the colonial administration. Due to the massive influence of the Mulattoes/free coloureds, the colonial legislature introduced strict laws to limit their influence (James 1963, p 97). The enacted laws forbade them from holding public office, joining the colonial army, wearing European clothes, organizing social functions, marrying whites and residing in France. They were also forced to work for free for a certain number of days per year, according to the French law. The free coloureds were economically and socially deprived of their rights because of their race and their prospects of social mobility. The Mulattoes did not agree with the social and economic injustices committed against them; hence, they sought to find for their rights (Ott 1987, p 67). These factors caused tensions between the whites and the Mulattoes and consequently led to the intense fighting between the groups in 1791. The slaves, majorly from African origin were subjected to hard labor and deprivation of their rights as humans. They were the lowest in the social ladder, and yielded nothing in respect to their social and economic statuses. They experienced harsh conditions subjected to them by the superiors. The economic and social disparities between them and the other groups denied them the opportunity to enjoy their rights and dignity. In 1791, as the Les Blancs, Les Petit Blanc and free coloureds were fighting one another because of the prevalent social and economic disparities, the slaves maximized on the opportunity to start revolts in St. Domingue (James 1963, p 110). The slaves, favored by their numbers, fought against the whites and free coloureds because of the torments they faced as inferiors in St. Domingue. Undeniably, the social and economic disparities among the social classes in the colony contributed greatly in the St. Domingue Revolution. The Declaration of Rights of Men               Ã‚  The Declaration of Rights of Men of 1789 was an instrumental document of the French Revolution in the expression of human rights. The document played a vital role in the establishment of the fundamental human rights that have continued to influence the modern world. In the wake of the French Revolution, there was need for setting up of laws that recognized the basic human rights and the equality of all people before the law. The declaration came at a time when rights and liberties were highly violated at the merit of a few. The French Revolution sought to fight for liberty, equality and fraternity rights (Manigat 1977, p 420). Certainly, the Declaration of the Rights of Men played a dominant role in the start of St. Domingue Revolution. After the document brought the realization of human rights and universal laws in France, the social classes in St. Domingue sought to fight for their rights and privileges in a highly stratified colony. The Les Blancs wanted the right to makes laws, the abolishment of trading restrictions from France and wanted to have social equality with the French whites. They also wanted the scrubbing off, of royal bureaucracies in St. Domingue. The Declaration of the Rights of Men inspired the free coloureds to fight for social and political rights and the abolishment of discrimination. On the other hand, the slaves fought for their personal freedom from the oppression by the other social classes. Based on the discussion above, it is worth noting that the Declaration of the Rights of Men inspired the St. Domingue Revolution. Conclusion               Ã‚  In conclusion, it is notable to assert that the St. Domingue Revolution (1791-1804) was because of various factors. Social and economic disparities in the colony were a major factor in the start of the revolt that certainly ended slavery in the island. The social classes that lived in St. Domingue often clashed in respect to the economic and social factors defining them. The deprivation of rights and liberties among the social groups led to conflicts that often turned physical. The need for economic and social rights and the quest for justice in the late 18th century St. Domingue led to a successful slave revolt that resulted into the birth of the nation of Haiti. As historians put it, the St. Domingue Revolution was significant in defining the history of European colonialism. Indeed, the upheaval is significant in understanding the history of French imperialism. References Geggus, David Patrick. Haitian revolutionary studies. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002.Ghachem, Malick W. Slavery and citizenship in the age of the Atlantic revolutions. Alfred, N.Y.: Alfred University, 2003. Print. Ghachem, Malick W. The Old Regime and the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print. James, C. L. R. Parliament and Property. In The Black Jacobins; Toussaint LOuverture and the San Domingo Revolution. Second Ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1963 Willie, Doris. Renaissance and Revolt. In Lest you forget: a study and revision guide for CXC Caribbean History. Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica Pub. House, 2001. 38-65 Manigat, Leslie F. The Relationship between Marronage and Slave Revolts and Revolution In St. Domingue-Haiti. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 292, no. 1 Comparative P (1977): 420-438.Marsh, Kate, and Nicola Frith. Frances lost empires: fragmentation, nostalgia, and la fracture coloniale. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2011.Ott, Thomas O. The Haitian revolution, 1789-1804. 1st ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987. Source document

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay P2: Describe the Origins of Public Health Policy in the UK from the 19th Century to the Present Day. 1837- The law started registering births, marriages and deaths and began to notice differences in areas. This was because of diseases going round and many people were dying. They wanted to figure out where about the illnesses were most common. 1848- The Liberal government brought the Public Health Act into law. 1849- Unfortunately, a massive amount of 10,000 people died from the disease cholera. 1853- Vaccination for smallpox was made compulsory and started by Edward Jenner; this was because a great amount of people were getting ill and dying from it. 1870- The government forced local authorities to educate people about diseases, so that they then knew and could learn about them and help to prevent any more. 1875- Public Health Act forced local authorities to provide clean water, have proper drainage and appoint medical offices for each area. This was to improve deadly diseases and illnesses which were continuing to harm people. 1906- In this year free school meals law came about. 1907- Medical school examinations for children were introduced. 1918- The British Prime Minister Lloyd George promised soldiers returning home from the war, ‘Homes fit for Heroes’. It was important for people to have a good home environment. 1921- The local authorities were required to set up TB clinics. 1934- The government passed the free school milk act and local councils were encouraged to give poor children free school meals. This was because they were unfortunate and were not getting the correct amount of food and drink and it could have affected their health. 1942- Sir William Beveridge published a report on the best way of helping people on low income. 1944- Clement Attlee created the NHS based on the proposals of the Beveridge Report white paper published. 1948- On the 5th July the new NHS was launched. 1970- Margret Thatcher became the new Secretary of State and demanded cuts on four main areas: further education fees, library book borrowing charges, school meal charges and free school milk. 1980- Black Report came about, discussing inequalities in health between the rich and poor. It aimed to reduce child poverty, reintroducing free schools meals and milk, improving housing, employment, schools and more. 1998- Acheson Report, Acheson was asked to review inequalities in England and identify priority ones for the development of health. 1999- â€Å"Saving Lives Our Healthier Nation† this was what the Labour government released as a health strategy. P1: Describe key aspects of public health strategies. There are many strategies that have been used and have had a positive and a negative outcome when tried out in cities. Firstly, monitoring the health status of the population, this is where tracking changes and alerting people to potential problems would happen. An example for this would be ‘Census’ this where every 10 years since 1801 the nation chooses one day to do the census survey. In the survey it consists counting all people and households. Overall it’s the most complete information source that the population that the nation has. The most recent census survey was held on the Sunday 27 March 2011. Identifying the health needs of the population is a strategy that can and has been used within the population. In this strategy we are identifying implications of trends and patterns to services. A good example is in schools or any type of educating/studying places or just general talks where people are being taught about diabetes, better dieting and exercise. This would help peoples health increase more by having the knowledge about this. In addition, another strategy that has been used around the population is to develop programmes which would then try and reduce risks and screen for diseases. Doing this would reduce ill health by looking at and identifying people that are at risk and then promoting health. Years gone by the population have tried this strategy; for example, doing cancer research, advertisement programmes to let people know and smear tests. Controlling communicable disease, this is where programmes and schemes are made and brought out that are immunisation programmes which are there to reduce the impact of diseases. The nation for many years and are continuing on doing the same have TB injections. This is an example of controlling the communicable disease. These injections are there to immune human bodies to illness and disease which is called Tuberculosis. Furthermore, another strategy when it comes to public health is promoting the health of the population. Many companies and groups of people have experimented on trying to accomplish this. By doing this they have been promoting health activities to improve their health and their fitness. A lot of the programmes are basically trying to engage people so they understand they need to improve their health so they don’t turn obesity and generally just too improve and increase their fitness level. Planning and evaluating health and social care provision this is where the nation is accessing and impacting of health services. In every city there needs to be health services to help anyone that is in need. One of the services that are in many cities is the contraception service. These are companies that give tips and advice to young people that are sexually active. They also hand out free condoms so young girls don’t get pregnant when they are not ready and don’t want too. Finally, target setting, this is where targets are all set to reduce disease and to improve health. For example, pregnancy is a target where the nation wants to reduce how many young girls get pregnant. To reduce this contraception is purchasable in every supermarket, pharmacy’s etc†¦ In addition, there are companies that give away free contraception to reduce teenage pregnancy. Not only does contraception help prevent pregnancy but prevents people catching sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, Chlamydia and syphilis. M1: compare historical and current features of public health. Things that happened years ago have all changed to nowadays; either by a few changes but still very similar or dramatically changed in a positive way. Firstly, access to medical care. Years ago medical care in the 19th century was not very good. The hospitals were very basic, many beds in a large room (ward) there were very rarely curtains around the beds for privacy because in those days clothes were short and extra material would be made into clothing. Also, they may not have been very clean, they were hygienic to work in but for people that were very ill they may of made that person more poorly. Clinics were similar; they had the basic bed to check patients on and the small amount of medicines. Not all the time did they have the correct suitable medication for patients. So some patients may have had to suffer for longer than what they should off because it was hard to get medication that was going to cure what the patients had. They had doctors but not many; there would probably be one in each area. For them it would be hard work because if hundreds of people became ill they would have to try and cure and help all of them as soon as possible before anything spread to others or if it became worse. Nowadays, everything has improved since the 19th century. Hospitals are extremely huge with thousands of beds and many nurses and Doctors that are there to help and make people better. The beds and wards are much more advanced now; each bed is a medical bed than can be adjusted electrically. There are also curtains and clean beddings on each bed and gets changed more regular than what it would of years ago. Millions of pounds have been spent on machinery in the hospitals that help prevent patients getting more ill than what they are. For e.g. Ventilators they help people breathe if they are not capable to do so themselves while there body is mending itself. Clinics that we have in the days have improved over the years. If anyone has a problem they can walk in to a clinic or make an appointment at the Doctors/Pharmacy to be checked out. Most often, people that need medication are prescribed for their medicines and can get it straight away. Or if not straight away, within in the next day or so if it is needed to be ordered in. There are many more Doctors in each area, so it is easier for people to be seen to when they have a problem or not feeling very well. This is good because if there was an illness going round and a lot of people were getting it, the Doctors could help prevent other people catching it by asking them to come in and be immune with medicine so they do not become ill. Housing in the 19th century was extremely poor. In March 1840, the government were so concerned about sanitation and living conditions that they set up a Parliamentary Health Select Committee to report on Health of Towns. Its findings revealed the scale of overcrowding; this was causing extreme filth and diseases that resulted up in a widespread death. There would be a bunch of houses probably in a group of 10 that were in a block, usually with a down stairs and upstairs. For middle class people families would be living in 1 room together or if they had enough money and they were lucky they would get half of a house. All the houses would share the toilets which were outside the buildings. This caused a lot of disease because of all the natural waste of other people that others had to be around and had to use the toilet after when they wasn’t clean at all. People would become very ill and then it would spread to others which caused a large amount of people in an area to have a serious illness which most probably would lead to death. These days, housing has increasingly changed. They are much cleaner and people own them there self and do not have to share unless it isn’t their property and it’s a home that holds many people. People also rent houses that they can then say its there’s until they move out and is then owned by someone else. People have money for cleaning products to clean their house which is good because if nothing was cleaned people could become poorly from filth that can cause infection’s and diseases that people could then catch. Each and every house has either 1 or more toilets within the household. Neighbours do not have to share a toilet outside the house like they used too, they all just share within their house mates, which is so much cleaner. However, even though the housing conditions have improved by a lot in the past years, there are still some areas that are poorly looked after which affect people living around there. There are council houses all over each city that people live in but they do not own it it’s the councils and usually these houses are not in the best condition because people in it cannot afford to look after it properly. Many new drinks were invented in the 19th century and early 20th century. India Pale Ale was first made about 1820. Pimms was invented in 1823. The first golden lager was invented in Bohemia (Czech Republic) in 1842 by a man named Joseph Groll. The widget for beer cans was patented in 1985. Back in the day there were quite a few drinks about and people would happily drink them. Even if they didn’t know what was inside of them. It was mainly work men that consumed the most. After work they would head to a bar of somewhere that sells alcohol and they would have a few people they went home to see their family. Through the 1800’s young children could drink there was no law to say there was a restricted age on drinking alcohol. However in 1923 a law was passed in Britain banning the sale of alcohol to people under 18. People may not of known how much they could drink until it would become dangerous. People were drinking non-stop at some points a then became very poorly. In Britain these days, the same law is around for the no drinking unless 18 years or over. However, when buying alcohol now if the person looks under the age of 25 years the person that is selling the alcohol needs to ask for an ID to make sure they are not selling it to someone that is under aged. Britain has also been known to be called ‘Binge Britain’ this is because so many people binge drink every week. Every night and especially on the weekends a lot of people end up in hospital getting their stomach pumped because they have consumed too much alcohol and have passed out because they are so dehydrated and their body cannot handle any more of the bad liquid. Income from the 19the century to now has changed massively. Years ago people would work hard and for long hours of the day and get paid such small amounts. In the 1800’s wages and average living standards were extremely low and 45% would actually amount to very little. In 1834 the weekly wage of an average agricultural worker was nine shillings. Its the equivalent of 45p and would be worth just under  £48 today. A lone mother would get just over four shillings a week, roughly the equivalent of 20p, which would be worth an estimated  £19 today. This could of and most probably effected peoples health because they may not off been able to afford certain products for themselves or their family. Someone may have been poorly and needed particular items to make them better and if they couldn’t be bought then that person would have to suffer, Nowadays wages are different to what they used to be.